Is some better than none: are TEG and TGA profiles different in severe FVIII-deficient patients with inhibitors?

Abstract

Severe factor VIII (FVIII)-deficient patients with and without FVIII inhibitors cannot be distinguished using FVIII levels. The FVIII assay is sensitive to detect factor levels below 1%. While severe FVIII-deficient, non-inhibitor patients have FVIII<1%, they may retain unmeasurable residual factor activity. In contrast, inhibitor patients have a FVIII antibody that presumably fully eliminates FVIII activity. It is unknown whether thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombin generation assay (TGA) can differentiate between patients with FVIII<1% with and without the presence of FVIII inhibitors. The primary objective was to discern whether TEG and TGA could differentiate between severe FVIII-deficient patients with and without the presence of FVIII inhibitors. A secondary objective was to correlate TEG and TGA to annualized bleeding rates. This observational study performed TEG and TGA in healthy volunteers (N=15), severe FVIII-deficient (N=15) and severe FVIII-deficient patients with inhibitors (N=15). Kaolin-activated TEG was better at differentiating reaction time (31.3 vs. 120min respectively, P=0.004) and kinetics time (6.1 vs. 23.1min respectively, P=0.028) between the non-inhibitor and inhibitor patients. TEG activated by tissue factor in plasma-containing corn trypsin inhibitor failed to differentiate groups. The TGA failed to differentiate peak thrombin, endogenous thrombin potential and lag time between groups. There was no correlation between TEG and TGA with annualized bleeding rates. Kaolin-activated TEG, but not TGA, differentiated between severe FVIII-deficient patients with and without inhibitors. These assays did not find a correlation to annualized bleeding rate.