Abstract
Sleep and Klotho have both been closely related to the ageing process, both playing a substantial role in the endocrine and immune systems and, thereby, in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, there are no studies elucidating the relationship between sleep and Klotho. Therefore, this study investigated the association of sleep quantity and quality with the shed form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho plasma levels) in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 ± 5.1) were recruited for the present study. Objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)) were determined using a wrist-worn accelerometer over seven consecutive days, and the subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality). The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Objective sleep parameters were associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels only after including the age, fat mass percentage, and lean mass index as covariates. A direct relationship was observed between the subjective sleep quality (inverse of PSQI scores) and the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. Improving sleep quantity and quality could be considered an anti-aging therapeutic approach for the prevention, slowing, and even reversal of the physiological decline and degenerative pathologies that are certainly related to the aging process.
Highlights
The increasing population ageing occurring worldwide, with the subsequent upsurge in vulnerability to morbidity and age-related diseases among adults, has certainly become one of the most significant global clinical and economic burdens for health systems and all aspects of society.According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [1], 51.3% of all burdens among adults were identified as age-related diseases, mostly including non-communicable diseases such as neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, digestive diseases, and neurological disorders among others [2]
Significant differences between sex were observed in height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage, lean mass index (LMI), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), SE, subjective sleep quality (PSQI component), and habitual sleep efficiency (PSQI component)
The results from the current study indicated that objective sleep quantity and quality parameters (TST, WASO, and SE) were significantly associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels when age, fat mass percentage, and LMI were considered as covariates
Summary
According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 [1], 51.3% of all burdens among adults were identified as age-related diseases, mostly including non-communicable diseases such as neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, digestive diseases, and neurological disorders among others [2]. In response to this remarkable demographic transition, the World Health Organization developed a global strategy and action plan on ageing and health in 2017 with goals and strategic objectives focusing on health system alignment to the needs of Antioxidants 2020, 9, 738; doi:10.3390/antiox9080738 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants. Gathered evidence has widely shown that sleep disturbances certainly lead to a vast number of age-related diseases [18], including obesity [19,20], cardiovascular disease [21], type II diabetes mellitus [22,23], chronic kidney disease [24], and psychiatric disorders [25]
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