Is preventing micro-cavities in dentine from progressing with a sealant successful?

Abstract

Aim The hypothesis was tested that dentine carious lesion progression is higher in sealed micro-cavitated pits and fissures than in sealed pits and fissures having no or enamel carious lesions at baseline over a period of four years.Results Epidemiological survey identified no enamel carious lesions (code 0), enamel carious lesions (code 1), and micro-cavitated dentine carious lesions (code 2), in pits/fissures of occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars at baseline. Using block randomisation, 405 children (mean age of eight years) were allocated to high-viscosity glass-ionomer, atraumatic restorative treatment method (HVGIC/ART), thermo-cured HVGIC/ART, glass-carbomer, and resin composite groups, receiving 1,344 sealants. Evaluation was performed after six months and annually. Carious lesion progression for baseline code 0 (n = 784) and code 1 (n = 481) was determined by scoring code 2, and that for baseline code 2 (n = 79) by scoring code 3 or 4 (frank cavitation). Tests were performed using a proportional hazard model with frailty correction.Discussion and conclusion There was neither an effect for sealant group nor between baseline codes 0 and 1. A total of 19 baseline code 0, and 20 code 1 developed a cavitated dentine carious lesion; while 5% of the sealed over micro-cavitated dentine carious lesions developed frank cavitation. The progression of carious lesions in the group baseline code (0 + 1) was not statistically significantly different from the group of baseline code 2 (p = 0.29). Progression of micro-cavities sealed over with HVGIC according to the ART method, a glass-carbomer or a resin composite over a period of four years is low. Dentine lesions with a small orifice (Ø <0.5 mm) in pits/fissures of occlusal surfaces in permanent molars have a high chance of surviving four years if they are sealed over.