Abstract
Multiple regression analysis of 1999 farm survey data from the Peruvian Altiplano finds that natural resource sustainability is not correlated with poverty; rather it varies by management activity. Soil erosion and fertility loss are reduced by fallowing, a practice of poorer farmers. Overgrazing and range species loss are increased by herd size (a measure of wealth) but reduced by rotational grazing, which is size-neutral. Deforestation––the only case of a clear poverty–environment link––results from fuel wood harvesting by the poorest households. Social and human capital variables favor the choice of more sustainable practices. When government investment is unavailable, change agents in poor areas can limit natural resource degradation by diffusing knowledge about natural resource stewardship using affordable practices.
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