Is Polymethylmethacrylate Reliable and Practical in Full-Thickness Cranial Defect Reconstructions?

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the success of polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasty combined with various soft tissue coverage techniques in repairing full-thickness cranial defects, to compare our results with similar studies published before, and to describe a simple method of implant premolding. A total of 17 patients who had cranial defects due to various etiologies underwent polymethylmethacrylate cranioplasty. In 10 patients, the implant premolding method was applied. The soft tissue coverage was obtained by primary closure, local flaps, or free flaps. The follow-up period ranged from 36 hours to 5 years. Only 1 implant became exposed among the 17 patients. One patient died 36 hours after the surgery because of myocardial infarction. The remaining 15 patients had no early or late postoperative complications. Good contour restoration and stable reconstruction of the calvarial defects were realized, and a successful combination of various soft tissue coverage techniques was achieved. We concluded that polymethylmethacrylate was a cheap and durable material, useful in full-thickness calvarial defect reconstructions. It can be combined with any soft tissue coverage techniques except skin grafting. In most cases, the simple premolding methods are useful for both defect matching and preventing tissue damage due to exothermic reaction of the material.