Is Oral Cancer predictable with miRNA: A Review

Abstract

Oral cancer 6th most common cancer worldwide. Main contributing factor for oral cancer is tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption. The 5-year survival rate for oral cancer is approximately 50%. This due to late detection of oral cancer. miRNA (micro Ribo Nucleic Acid) is small noncoding RNA. Its functions are in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression miRNA can be used as early diagnostic tool. This review aims to present the fundamental aspects of microRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral premalignant lesions and progression of premalignant lesion to oral cancer. With help of miRNA, we can not only predict oral cancer, but also prediction of transformation of oral premalignant lesion to oral squamous carcinoma. Specific miRNAs are dysregulated in Oral cancer, oral Premalignant lesion and in progression of premalignant lesion to OSCC. Specific miRNAs are dysregulated in oral cancer, oral premalignant lesion and in progression of premalignant lesion to OSCC. In oral cancer miRNA-223, miRNA-211, miRNA182-5p, miRNA-450a are upregulated in comparison to healthy controls. miRNA-1290, miR-1246, miR-1258, miRNA-199a-5p, miRNA-495 are downregulated in oral cancer. In premalignant oral lesion miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 are upregulated. We can predict transformation of premalignant lesion to oral cancer because miR21, miR-181b are upregulated and miR-345 downregulated.