Is milk fat globule size correlated with milk fat content in Ruminants?

Abstract

In milk, fat exists in the form of milk fat globules (MFGs). The average size (average fat globules of different particle sizes) is the most common parameter when describing MFG size. There are different views on whether there is a correlation between MFG size and milk fat content. Is the MFG size correlated with milk fat content in ruminants? To address this question, we conducted two experiments. In experiment Ⅰ, dairy cows (n = 40) and dairy goats (n = 30) were each divided into a normal group and a low-fat group according to the milk fat content. In experiment Ⅱ, dairy cows (n = 16) and dairy goats (n = 12) were each divided into a normal group and a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-induced low-fat group. The normal groups were fed a basal diet, and the CLA-induced low-fat groups were fed the basal diet + 300 g/d CLA (cows) or the basal diet + 90 g/d CLA (goats). In both experiments, we determined the correlation between MFG size and milk composition and MFG distribution. The results showed that in the normal and low-fat groups of cows and goats, MFG size was not correlated with milk fat, protein, or lactose content or fat-to-protein ratio. Additionally, there was no difference in the distribution of large, medium, and small MFGs (P > 0.05). However, in the CLA-induced low-fat groups, we found a correlation between MFG size and milk fat content and fat-to-protein ratio (R2 > 0.3). Moreover, there was a significant change in the size distribution of MFGs. Therefore, in natural milk, MFG size was not correlated with milk fat content. Following CLA supplementation, MFG size was correlated with milk fat content. Our findings revealed that CLA and not milk fat affects MFG distribution and size.