Is legal recreational cannabis associated with cannabis use during pregnancy, beliefs about safety, and perceived community stigma?

Abstract

BackgroundAmong pregnant and recently pregnant people we investigated whether legal recreational cannabis is associated with pregnancy-related cannabis use, safety beliefs, and perceived community stigma. MethodsIn 2022, we surveyed 3571 currently and recently pregnant English- or Spanish-speaking adults in 37 states. Primary outcomes included cannabis use during pregnancy and two continuous scale measures of beliefs about safety and perceived community stigma. Using generalized linear models and mixed effects ordinal logistic regression with random effects for state, we assessed associations between legal recreational cannabis and outcomes of interest, controlling for state-level and individual-level covariates and specifying appropriate functional form. ResultsThose who reported cannabis use during pregnancy were more likely to believe it is safe and to perceive community stigma compared to those who did not report use during pregnancy. Legal recreational cannabis was not associated with cannabis use during pregnancy, continuation or increase in use, frequency of use, or safety beliefs. Legal recreational cannabis was associated with lower perceived community stigma (coefficient: −0.07, 95% CI: −0.13, −0.01), including among those who reported use during (coefficient = −0.22, 95% CI: −0.40, −0.04) and prior to but not during (coefficient = −0.19, 95% CI: −0.37, −0.01) pregnancy. ConclusionFindings do not support concerns that legal recreational cannabis is associated with cannabis use during pregnancy or beliefs about safety. Legal recreational cannabis may be associated with lower community stigma around cannabis use during pregnancy, which could have implications for pregnant people’s disclosure of use and care-seeking behavior.