Abstract
BACKGROUND: The advances in surgical techniques and the development of new therapeutic agents have improved the prognosis of esophageal cancer in the past decades. However, the 5 year overall survival still remains poor. The bleak prognosis has led to the search for new therapeutic options such as immunotherapy. METHODS: Review of the literature and presentation of institutional experience in immunotherapy. RESULTS: In the past two decades, adoptive immunotherapy based on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or lymphokine activated killer cells (LAK) has been used in clinical trials. The increasing knowledge about the central role of professional antigen presenting cells (Dendritic cells; DCs) in the regulation of the immune system and the mechanism controlling the function of the involved effector cells have provided new possibilities for cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Immunotherapy in combination with established therapeutical modalities is a possible approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer that may in the future further improve the prognosis.
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