Abstract
During the perimenopausal period, women often develop insomnia. To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could affect sleep in menopause, the present study examined estrogen (E2) treatment in old female rats with an immune challenge. The rats received either E2 or vehicle s.c. for a week, and 5 or 50 µg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) i.p. on day 3. The old female rats showed an impaired sleep pattern, but it tended to be improved when E2 was administered. Furthermore, some non-treated rats did not respond to an LPS injection, but under E2 treatment, LPS induced significant increases in non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with hypothermia. The results indicate that the E2 supplement enhanced immune responses in old female rats, suggesting a possible mechanism of how HRT helps postmenopausal insomnia.
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