Is Higher Subjective Fear Predictive of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in a Sample of the Chinese General Public?

Xin Guo,Yanpu Jia,Tuanjie Liu,Luna Sun,Chenqi Xing,Lili Wu,Weizhi Liu,Xiong Ni,Zhilei Shang,Yan Wang

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.560602

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 has taken a huge toll on medical resources and the economy and will inevitably have an impact on public mental health. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as the most common mental illness after an epidemic, must be seriously addressed. This study aimed to investigate the subjective fear of the Chinese general public during COVID-19 and to explore how it affected the development of PTSD.Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,009 people from January 30 to February 14, 2020 (about 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak). The subjective fear was measured by a self-reported single-choice question. Four items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were selected to measure the subjects' sleep quality. Their post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Pearson correlation, hierarchical multivariate regression analysis, multiple mediator model, and bootstrapping were used in statistical analyses.Results: Different people showed different levels of subjective fear in response to the outbreak. There was a significant positive correlation between subjective fear and the total score of PCL-5 (R = 0.513, P < 0.01), meaning that the higher the degree of subjective fear, the more severe the symptoms of post-traumatic stress are. Subjective fear was an important predictor of PTSS, accounting for 24.3% of the variance. The total effect of subjective fear on PCL-5 scores was significant (total effect = 7.426, SE = 0.405, 95% CI = 6.631–8.221). The total indirect effect of subjective fear on PCL-5 scores through sleep quality was also significant (total indirect effect = 1.945, SE = 0.258, 95% CI = 1.436–2.470).Conclusions: Subjective fear has an important predictive effect on PTSS. In addition to the direct effect, our findings firstly demonstrate the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between subjective fear and PTSS.

Highlights

The novel coronavirus pneumonia called COVID-19, which is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading worldwide for nearly a year
This study aimed to investigate the subjective fear of the Chinese general public during COVID-19 and to explore how it affects the development of Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
The questionnaire was sent to 2,005 people who agreed to participate in the study via the Internet

Summary

Introduction

The novel coronavirus pneumonia called COVID-19, which is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has been spreading worldwide for nearly a year. The clinical manifestations of the disease usually start after

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Conclusion