Is HCN a True Tracer of Dense Molecular Gas in Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies?

Abstract

We present the results of the first HCO+ survey probing the dense molecular gas content of a sample of 16 luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs). Previous work, based on HCN(1-0) observations, had shown that LIRGs and ULIRGs posses a significantly higher fraction of dense molecular gas compared to normal galaxies. While the picture issued from HCO+ partly confirms this result, we have discovered an intriguing correlation between the HCN(1-0)/HCO+(1-0) luminosity ratio and the IR luminosity of the galaxy (L(IR)). This trend casts doubts on the use of HCN as an unbiased quantitative tracer of the dense molecular gas content in LIRGs and ULIRGs. A plausible scenario explaining the observed trend implies that X-rays coming from an embedded AGN may play a dominant role in the chemistry of molecular gas at L(IR) > 1e12 Lsun. We discuss the implications of this result for the understanding of LIRGs, ULIRGs and high redshift gas-rich galaxies.