Abstract
Large segment of global populations, especially in developing countries is currently at risk from one or more micronutrient deficiency, so called malnutrition. This could be due to our current food systems are fail to provide enough balanced dietary nutrients to meet all the nutritional requirements of every individual, especially resource-poor women and children in the developing countries. A variety of interventions have been used to address micronutrient malnutrition so far such as pharmaceutical supplementation, industrial fortifications and dietary diversification. However, success of supplementation and fortification in developing countries remains challenges due to poor infrastructure, delivery system, more often it need sustained investment year-after-year. Of course dietary diversity is an immediate issue of diverse food affordability since a sharp increase in food prices will have a large impact on rural-poor households’ who’s represent the most segment of malnourished population. Researchers now focusing an food based intervention so called biofortification (developing a cultivars with elevated micronutrients in their edible parts through convetional breeding or biotechnology) is found to be sustainable intervention, even if external support fails, biofortification will continue to combat multiple micronutrient deficiency simultaneously generation after generations. Though this strategy is not an Einstein idea but it was a pessimistic view for longtime among the community, however, with the advent of modern and advanced technology we deliberately believes it can be made successful in optimistic way by transforming the dynamic results into reality. Therefore, present view and optimism are more towards the biofortification of staples for better human nutrition to acieve appropriate nutrient level in the biofortifed cultivars and further research is required to upscale at the global level to prove as an effective strategy.
Highlights
During the mid-last century (1960-1970), when the threat of famine troubled the policymakers in developing countries and aided major investments in the green revolution, with an understanding that malnutrition is a broader problem than just insufficient intake of dietary energy and protein, so-called undernourishment but that it encompasses two other dimensions, namely micronutrient deficiencies and overweight/ obesity [1]
There are significant factors identified that influences the nutritional intervention as discussed by Austin [12], and those includes (i) demand nutrients, which implies a detailed health and nutrition survey; (ii) commodity system structure, which decides on the vehicle of transfer, depending on the food habits, the commodity marketing, and buying habits of the population; (iii) rapid technology for fortification; (iv) consumer acceptability, which probably is the core of the success of the project; and, (v) the cost-effectiveness to access
Fortification is viable option for developed countries having welldeveloped infrastructure and delivery system and capable of sustained investment, whereas biofortification is a viable solution to developing countries that are not having aforementioned capacity
Summary
Consumption of polished refined cereal grains is missing fiber and key nutrients that their wholegrain counterparts retain, it creates diabetes in countries like India- highest diabetic patients in the world (51 million) and this is anticipated to increase to 87 million by the year 2030 [6,7]. To overcome such losses, foods are enriched with nutrients by various biological or mechanical methods, so called food fortification. The terms enrichment and fortification or nitrification are often used interchangeably according to their expedient
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