Abstract
For some 30 years, European construction occurred in a Europe divided into two sides: on the one hand, ‘Western Europe’ and capitalism, and on the other hand, ‘Eastern Europe’ and socialism. Trade between these two sides was reduced to a minimum. The breakdown of socialism in Eastern Europe at the end of the 1980s led to immediate negotiations between the two sides, and ended in the European Union (EU) enlargement to eight Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs: Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia) in May 2004, followed by the membership of two new countries (Bulgaria and Romania) in January 2007. The strong reorientation of trade from East to West, together with a rapid growth of trade between the EU and the CEECs, which will be pointed out in the second section of this chapter, led to a strong integration between Eastern and Western Europe. It therefore seems relevant to ask whether this integration process is completed, at least for some countries.
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