Is ensemble classifier needed for steganalysis in high-dimensional feature spaces?

Abstract

The ensemble classifier, based on Fisher Linear Discriminant base learners, was introduced specifically for steganalysis of digital media, which currently uses high-dimensional feature spaces. Presently it is probably the most used method to design supervised classifier for steganalysis of digital images because of its good detection accuracy and small computational cost. It has been assumed by the community that the classifier implements a non-linear boundary through pooling binary decision of individual classifiers within the ensemble. This paper challenges this assumption by showing that linear classifier obtained by various regularizations of the FLD can perform equally well as the ensemble. Moreover it demonstrates that using state of the art solvers linear classifiers can be trained more efficiently and offer certain potential advantages over the original ensemble leading to much lower computational complexity than the ensemble classifier. All claims are supported experimentally on a wide spectrum of stego schemes operating in both the spatial and JPEG domains with a multitude of rich steganalysis feature sets.