Is Emergency Transcatheter Hepatic Arterial Embolization Suitable for Spontaneously Ruptured Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Child–Pugh C Cirrhosis?

Abstract

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of emergent transcatheter arterial embolization for spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Child–Pugh class C (CPC) liver cirrhosis presenting hemorrhagic shock. Materials and MethodsA study of all 94 patients was retrospectively conducted from January 2006 to January 2016. Sixty patients underwent conservative treatment (control group) and 34 underwent embolization. ResultsEmbolization provided better stabilization of hemodynamic status than conservative treatment (91.2% vs 61.7%), with greater overall survival (OS) rates at 30, 60, and 120 days (73.5%, 52.9%, and 29.4% vs 33.3%, 13.3%, and 0%, respectively). Mean follow-up duration was 51.07 days (range, 3–237 d). Median survival time was longer for the embolization group than the control group, specifically for patients with a shock index (SI) of ≥ 0.6 to < 1 (106.0 d ± 39.4 vs 34.0 d ± 4.7) or ≥ 1 (18.0 d ± 7.5 vs 11.0 d ± 3.2), those with CPC scores 10 or 11 (88.0 d ± 29.4 vs 28.0 d ± 4.5), and those with segmental (165.0 d ± 20.6 vs 34.0 d ± 9.7) or lobar (54.0 d ± 7.9 vs 26.0 d ± 3.4) portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). SI ≥ 1, Child–Pugh score of 12/13, tumor size ≥ 10 cm, and PVTT were independent factors in poor prognosis for OS. ConclusionsEmergent transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective intervention for ruptured HCC in patients with CPC liver function in hemorrhagic shock, particularly those with a SI ≥ 1, Child–Pugh scores of 10/11, and first- or lower-order PVTT.