Is confidence in knowledge related to childbirth fear and mode of birth among Polish women?

Abstract

Abstract Background In Poland, cesarean section (CS) rate is 48% what means that it is one of the highest rate among OECD countries and the highest in the European Union. WHO has considered that CS rates higher than 15% at the population level are not associated with reductions in maternal and newborn mortality rates. Fear and attitudes towards childbirth are shaped years before the first pregnancy. Yet, little is understood about how young people’s knowledge, attitudes and fears concerning the birth process shape their healthcare preferences around birth. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine whether confidence in knowledge was associated with childbirth fear prior to pregnancy and preference for CS. Methods We recruited 782 women aged 18 - 35 (mean 24.7, sd = 3.19) who had never been pregnant but wished to have at least one child in the future. The women answered questions about: (i) socio-economic situation, (ii) confidence in knowledge and educational needs related to pregnancy and childbirth; (iii) fear of childbirth prior to pregnancy; (iv) preferred mode of birth in the hypothetical pregnancy in which there are no medical indications for cesarean section. Results Almost one in four women (22.1%) preferred CS in a hypothetical low-risk pregnancy. In addition, most often young women gained knowledge on pregnancy and birth from experiences and stories of family members (62.3%). Women with moderate and high level of confidence in knowledge had respectively lower odds of high level of childbirth fear prior to pregnancy comparing to women with low level of confidence in knowledge (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.83 and OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.88, respectively). Conclusions Increasing knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth among young women might lower childbirth fear and thus, indirectly, lower rates of CS in the future. Key messages • The results of this study may solve very important public health problem i.e. the growing rates of cesarean section. • Confidence in knowledge may be an important factor associated with the level of childbirth fear.