Is caregiver quality of life predicted by their perceived burden? A cross-sectional study of family caregivers of people with spinal cord injuries.

Abstract

Cross-sectional study. To identify predictors of quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of people with spinal cord injuries (SCI), considering caregiver and care recipient characteristics, and to evaluate the predictive value of caregiver burden (CB) on the QoL of family caregivers. Multicenter study in four spinal units across Italy. Secondary analysis of the data obtained during the validation of the Italian version of the Caregiver Burden Inventory in Spinal Cord Injuries (CBI-SCI) questionnaire. In all, 176 family caregivers completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Short Form-36, the CBI-SCI, and the Modified Barthel Index. A first linear regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of each domain of caregiver QoL. A second linear regression analysis including CBI-SCI was then performed to evaluate the predictive value of CB on caregiver QoL. Participants reported reduced physical and mental QoL. Significant predictors of lower scores in physical dimensions of QoL were older age and female gender. Contextual factors following SCI, such as economic difficulties and the presence of a formal caregiver, significantly predicted emotional QoL in family caregivers. Identified predictors explained 13-32% of variance. CB was a significant predictor (p < 0.001) when added to all proposed models, increasing the explained variance from 7 to 26%. Neither the clinical characteristics of, nor the relationship with care recipients predicted a worse caregiver QoL, whereas the CB did. The CB was a strong predictor of QoL among family caregivers and should be kept to a minimum to promote caregiver well-being.