Abstract
The question of how cannabis potency has changed over time is crucial for estimating the public health effects of cannabis, and for evaluating the impact of drug policies on the safety of cannabis products. This chapter addresses the following questions: What is cannabis potency and why does it matter? How has cannabis potency changed over time? How have cannabis products changed and diversified in new legal markets? What are the methodological limitations of research on cannabis potency, and how can they be overcome? Meta-analytical evidence provides strong evidence for increases in cannabis potency internationally. There is robust evidence for increases in the potency of herbal cannabis and cannabis resin since the 1970s. This increase has been two-fold greater in cannabis resin than for herbal cannabis. Increases in cannabis potency have been particularly marked in new legal markets such as Washington State, where highly potent cannabis extracts and edibles have also risen in prevalence.
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