Is brain angio-MRI useful in infective endocarditis management?

Abstract

In infective endocarditis (IE), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful to diagnose clinically silent neurological events. We assessed the usefulness of systematic early brain MRI in IE diagnosis and medico-surgical management. Over a period of 1 year, all patients admitted in one of the three hospitals participating in and fulfilling the Duke criteria for definite or possible IE underwent cerebral MRI within 7 days of IE suspicion. Eight panels of experts analyzed the records a posteriori. For each case, one record with and one record without the MRI results were randomly assigned to two panels, which determined the theoretical diagnosis and treatment. Paired comparisons were performed using a symmetry test. Thirty-seven brain MRIs were performed within a median of 5 days after inclusion. MRI was pathological in 26 patients (70 %), showing 62 % microischemia and 58 % microbleeds. The expert advice did not differ significantly between the two evaluations (with or without the MRI results). The therapeutic strategies determined diverged in five cases (13.5 %). Diagnosis differed in two cases (5.4 %), with an upgrading of diagnosis from possible to definite IE using MRI results. Early brain MRI did not significantly affect the IE diagnosis and medico-surgical treatment plan. These results suggest that systematic use of early brain MRI is irrelevant in IE. Further studies are necessary to define whether MRI is mandatory in IE management within a multidisciplinary approach, with particular attention paid to better timing and the subset of patients in whom this imaging examination could be beneficial.