Abstract
Andrographis paniculata, "King of bitters" is a popularly known medicinal plant extensively used in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases. Since recent past, anaphylactic/allergic type adverse events were reported upon A. paniculata usage, the study aimed to evaluate the anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide (a major phytoactive of A. paniculata). The anaphylactic potential was evaluated using active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) assay in guinea pigs. Further, the release of allergic mediators was measured in immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitized and non-IgE sensitized Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell lines in-vitro. A. paniculata extract or andrographolide sensitized guinea pigs following the challenge antigen administration orally and intravenously did not demonstrate any clinical signs of anaphylaxis. IgE sensitized and non- IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with A. paniculata extract did not induce release of allergic mediators. Whereas IgE sensitized and non- IgE sensitized RBL-2H3 cells treated with andrographolide demonstrated mild to moderate release of allergic mediators. A. paniculata extract has no anaphylactic and anaphylactoid potential in in-vivo and in-vitro studies. Whereas, andrographolide effects on allergic mediators in in-vitro studies needs to be scrutinized if they are of biologically important.
Highlights
The present study investigated the anaphylactic potential of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide in active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) assay using guinea pigs
Cells were incubated with phosphatidylserine (10 μg/ml) for 5 min and followed by 0.5 μg/ml of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hapten conjugated to bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) as antigen for 30 min
The quantification of histamine and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels were carried out by means of homogenous time resolved fluorescence (HTRF) according to the procedure described by the kit manufacturer (CisBio, France)
Summary
The plant is widely used as a traditional medicine in countries like India, China, Hongkong, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand. It is used to treat insect, bug and snake bites [1,3]. It is commonly known as Kalmegh or King of bitters cultivated in many regions of South Asian countries because of well-known medicinal value [4]. In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, A. paniculata is often used in combination with other herbs and health care products for treating patients suffering from various physical and mental disorders. It has been estimated that A. paniculata is used in more than 50% of herbal compositions commercialized in India for hepatic disorders [5]
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