Is an Ultrasonic and Bipolar Integrated Energy Device More Useful Than a Conventional Electric Device in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction? A Prospective Comparison

Abstract

Thunderbeat (TB) is an integrated energy device incorporating ultrasonic and bipolar technology that provides rapid cut and precision dissection and reliable vessel sealing compared with conventional electrosurgery (ES). The present study compared the surgical outcomes of TB and ES for harvesting the anterolateral thigh free flap (ALTFF). The present prospective cohort study compared TB and ES in patients who had undergone head and neck reconstruction using ALTFFs. The baseline characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index, primary tumor site (recipient site), and T stage, were measured. Patients who had undergone reconstruction after previous unsuccessful head and neck cancer treatment using radiation were included in the salvage surgery group. The primary outcome variables were the harvesting time, blood loss, and flap failure. The interval until the start of an oral diet and the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) insertion rate were analyzed to compare the functional outcomes. After identifying the confounding variables, multivariate approaches were used to adjust for the confounding variables. No significant differences were found in the demographics and disease-related factors such as age, gender, body mass index, anatomic distribution, and T stage of the primary disease, between the 2 groups. The operation time and bleeding volume were reduced by 32.4 and 33.1%, respectively, in the TB group compared with those in the control group. The postoperative drainage volume, duration, flap failure rate, and intensive care unit and total hospital stays were nearly identical between the 2 groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the functional outcomes (PEG insertion and oral diet start day) between the 2 groups. The results of the present study have shown that TB is a useful supportive tool for head and neck reconstruction surgery because it decreases the operation time with surgical outcomes comparable to those with conventional ES.