Is an abnormal Doppler umbilical artery waveform ratio a risk factor for poor perinatal outcome in the non-small for gestational age fetus?

Abstract

To determine if abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry is associated with a higher rate of perinatal morbidity in pregnancies in which the outcome is not manifested by a small for gestational age (SGA) fetus, perinatal outcome was compared according to the results of Doppler umbilical artery velocimetry. Doppler study was performed in 328 singleton pregnancies with non-SGA fetuses within 7 days of delivery. The prevalence of abnormal Doppler studies was 10%. Patients with abnormal umbilical artery velocimetry had a significantly higher rate of complications, including cesarean section for fetal distress, preterm delivery, low Apgar scores, congenital anomalies, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and perinatal death, than patients with a normal umbilical artery velocimetry. Ten perinatal deaths were associated with major congenital anomalies. Moreover, in the absence of congenital anomalies patients with abnormal Doppler results also had a significantly higher incidence of adverse perinatal outcome compared with patients with normal umbilical artery velocimetry. Our data suggest that even the non-SGA fetus with an abnormal Doppler umbilical artery waveform ratio is at increased risk for poor perinatal outcome.