Abstract
Objective: There has been a global surge in the number of diabetic cases. Many of the agents used as antidiabetic are either expensive or have side effects. Researchers are now turning their attention to phytotherapy as a viable alternative in the treatment of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to examine the inhibition of α-glucosidase as a possible mechanism of antidiabetic action of garlic. Method: The inhibitory effect of different concentrations of garlic was examined for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a 96-well micro plate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as the source of alpha-glucosidase and the assay was analyzed with a Thermo Scientific® Multiskan Spectropho-meter at an absorbance of 400 nm. Result: The extracts of garlic exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in comparison to acarbose. The IC50 of acarbose was 3.19 ± 0.42 mg/ml, for garlic, the IC50 was 16.93 mg/ml. Conclusion: In this study, garlic oil showed some promise as an antidiabetic agent with a mechanism of action similar to acarbose and miglitol that are currently used as antidiabetics. It is hoped that carrying out further research on garlic will elucidate other mechanisms of action.
Highlights
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion from pancreas, decreased insulin sensitivity, primarily in muscles cells or both
In this study, garlic oil showed some promise as an antidiabetic agent with a mechanism of action similar to acarbose and miglitol that are currently used as antidiabetics
Garlic oil was purchased from Sigma Aldrich USA, Alpha-glucosidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sigma-Aldrich USA), 4-Para-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and acarbose, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, 0.2 buffer pH 6.8 was purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA)
Summary
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion from pancreas, decreased insulin sensitivity, primarily in muscles cells or both. Examples of antidiabetic agents already in the market include sulfonylureas (glyburide), meglitinide analogs (repaglinide), D-Phenylalanine derivative (nateglinide), biguanide (metformin), thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose), (glucagone-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (exenatide), dipeptidy peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (sitapliptin), and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT) inhibitor (canagliflozin) [4]. Despite all these drugs, diabetes continues to increase at an alarming rate. Researchers are intensifying their efforts in drug discovery especially in natural products Several medicinal plants such as curcumin have been shown to be effective in different stages of diabetes. Both were found to be active inhibitors of amylase [14]
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