Abstract
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with titanium fixation plates is the gold standard for maxillofacial fracture treatment. Titanium is considered a fully compatible material. However, reports of allergic reactions to titanium implants do occur. The aim of this work is to answer the question whether titanium devices used in the treatment of fractures in the craniofacial region can cause allergic reactions. The study comprised 50 subjects treated surgically for maxillofacial injuries with the use of titanium composite devices. Allergic tests were performed by the patch method. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people who did not have any titanium elements. There were no skin changes to titanium and its compounds in both the test and control groups. Only one patient had a positive skin test which showed an allergic reaction to silver nitrate. Titanium fixing elements, as well as titanium dental implants, according to our research, do not show allergic skin reactions.
Highlights
Allergic reaction usually occurs from minutes up to 72 h after repeated contact with an allergen [1,2,3,4]
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) rarely constitutes a severe medical condition it may seriously decrease the quality of life [5]
The aim of this study was to determine if there is any relationship between metal hypersensitivity and titanium hardware Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgical treatment outcomes in the maxillofacial region
Summary
Allergic reaction usually occurs from minutes up to 72 h after repeated contact with an allergen [1,2,3,4]. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) rarely constitutes a severe medical condition it may seriously decrease the quality of life [5]. Nickel exposure is considered to be the most common cause of contact allergy [6]. Manifestations of ACD include regional skin and mucosal lesions which may be accompanied by asthmatic conditions. Lesions extend beyond the oral cavity, involving the facial skin and rest of the body, and resembling those of ACD [7,8]. Many of the materials used in medicine, both metallic and non–metallic, are considered to be associated with elevated risk of allergy [4,9,10,11]. Nickel, palladium, copper, and acrylic compounds are known potential allergens [8,10,12,13]
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