Abstract
Lead isotope ratio pattern (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) was analyzed in 59 samples of Serbian wine, from four geographical regions. By utilization of powerful inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), lead isotope ratios were used as unique “fingerprint”, when combined with multivariate methods of analysis (Principal Component Analysis), provided information on the geographical origin of wine. In validation of ICP- QMS method and quantitative analysis, the certified reference material NIST SRM 981 was employed to test the mass-bias correction and thallium isotopes 203Tl and 205Tl (NIST SRM 997) as an internal standard. The obtained results were discussed in correlation with the corresponding values of LIRs of different European and Australian wines. In addition, the impact of anthropogenic Pb from different sources on the total Pb isotopic composition in Serbian wines was analyzed too. On the other side, the obtained values of Pb content were compared with the applicable health safety standards, according to the International Code of Oenological Practices.
Highlights
Lead isotopic composition, based on different ratios of stable isotopes (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb), serves as a “fingerprint” for definition of different lead sources in the environment (Erel et al, 1997; Larcher et al, 2003; Komárek et al, 2008; Đurđić et al, 2020)
There are no available data about the lead isotope ratios (LIRs) in Serbian wines so, the aim of this paper was to conduct such study (LIRs), to contribute to the databases of LIRs for European wines and to investigate possibility of using it in the discrimination of wine from different regions in Serbia using ICP-QMS
The obtained values of the 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/207Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb ratios of Serbian wines are comparable to ratios reported for other European areas and contribute to the databases for lead isotope profiles of European wines
Summary
Lead isotopic composition, based on different ratios of stable isotopes (206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb), serves as a “fingerprint” for definition of different lead sources in the environment (Erel et al, 1997; Larcher et al, 2003; Komárek et al, 2008; Đurđić et al, 2020). Analysis of the lead isotope ratios (LIRs) in food and beverages has provided a powerful tool for determining the geographical origin and authenticity, most often, of wine (Medina et al, 2000; Tian et al, 2000; Barbaste et al, 2001; Mihaljevič et al, 2006; Bora et al, 2018; Epova et al, 2020). Anthropogenic lead in wines mainly originates from traffic, fertilizer, pesticide treatment, as well as from metallurgical and smelting activities (Almeida and Vasconcelos, 1999; Đurđić et al, 2020). LIRs might provide information on the origin of the wine assuming that sources of contamination do not distort the original isotope ratio pattern present in the local environment (Tian et al, 2000). The chemical processes during winemaking have no significant influence on isotopic composition of wine
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