Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Why It Happens, Who Suffers It and How to Manage

Abstract

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is defined as a localized skin reaction to irritants which does not require prior sensitization of the immune adaptative system. ICD is a consequence of direct toxic effect of physical or chemical agents resulting in keratinocyte damage. The purpose of this review was to highlight the various aspects of ICD to improve its management. It is now known that ICD is a complex reaction that involved both endogenous and exogenous factors, and does not represent a homogenous entity but can cover various clinical subtypes. The management of ICD is based on its accurate diagnosis and the identification of the irritants if possible. The treatment is based on the avoidance of irritants, and strategies such as personal protective equipment (gloves, barrier creams) to be implemented at the workplace. ICD is the most frequent cause of contact dermatitis. It represents up to 95% of contact dermatitis in occupational context. This review focuses on the practical management of ICD: why it happens, which are the main clinical subtypes and what to do.