Irritability and Maladaptation Among Children: The Utility of Chinese Versions of the Affective Reactivity Index and Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability Subscale.

Abstract

Irritability is among the most bothersome emotional symptoms in children. It often leads to mental health services referral, significant impairment, and distress to their families. Although there is increasing scientific evidence supporting the existence of extreme irritability in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5) diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, few studies have investigated the measurement of irritability in children. This pilot study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI) and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC)-irritability subscale. In addition, we investigated adaptive difficulties among children with irritability. A total of 97 children and adolescents 6 to 17 years of age (M = 10.20, SD = 2.70) were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient department of a university hospital in Taipei. The participants completed the Chinese version of the ARI self-report form and the Social Adjustment Inventory for Children and Adolescents (SAICA). Their parents completed the ARI parent report form, the Chinese version of the ABC-irritability subscale, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Diagnostic interviews were administered based on diagnostic criteria of DSM-5 to confirm the participants' psychiatric diagnoses. The Chinese ABC-irritability subscale and the parent and self-report scales of the Chinese ARI showed good test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent validity. Scores from the ABC-irritability subscale and two forms of the ARI were all significantly correlated with aggressive behaviors, anxious/depressed symptoms, and social problems. In addition, irritability among children was significantly associated with maladjustment in school, with peer problems, and with problems at home. Our findings suggest that irritability may be associated with impaired social adaptive functioning among children and adolescents. The Chinese version of the ARI and the ABC-irritability subscale are useful for measuring irritability in both clinical and research settings in the Chinese population.