Abstract
To determine the irrigation requirements of rice crop on different soils, an integrated approach is used using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Depending on the type of soil, climate and the crop acreage, the water requirement for paddy fields is derived. This study is focused on estimating the water demand for rice crop in Rabi season. Crop evapo-transpiration and soil percolation losses account more in rice fields especially in hot climate like Rabi season. In addition to evapo-transpiration and percolation losses, the conveyance losses are also accountable in the case of unlined canals. Satellite data is used to estimate the rice and fallow lands. In conjunction to satellite interpreted data, climate and soil data are also integrated in GIS platform. CROPWAT model is used to determine the crop evapo-transpiration (ETc). There are 11 Water User’s Associations (WUA) in the command area and under which 13 canal blocks are delineated. These blocks are again delineated in to 212 sub blocks. This study indicates that there exists a 5% to 20% of water deficiency in some WUAs and also water surplus in some WUAs varying from 15% to 40%.
Highlights
The estimation of irrigation demand [1] [2] is an important component for managing the water effectively in the canal command area
Soil type and crop acreage under each command area unit were taken as main parameters for calculation of percolation losses
11 Water User’s Associations (WUA), 12 canal blocks and 212 canal sub-blocks were delineated under Wazirabad command area in GIS environment
Summary
The estimation of irrigation demand [1] [2] is an important component for managing the water effectively in the canal command area. One of the reasons for low efficiency is the un-accounted volume of water loss due to percolation in the rice fields and conveyance and seepage losses occurred during the water distribution through canals to fields [3] [4]. These losses are accounts in calculating total irrigation demand in addition to crop evapo-transpiration.
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