Abstract
An ink drop in water spreads and does not go back to the drop form. This intuition about thermodynamic irreversibility in macroscopic systems has only very recently been known to not hold for microscopic systems. A demanding experiment on single-electron tunneling in double quantum dots provides an interesting example of what our new intuition should be.
Highlights
We present a low-temperature experimental test of the fluctuation theorem for electron transport through a double quantum dot
We find that these trajectories appear with a frequency that agrees with the theoretical predictions even under strong nonequilibrium conditions, when the finite bandwidth of the charge detection is taken into account
The second law of thermodynamics states that a macroscopic system out of thermal equilibrium will irreversibly move toward equilibrium driven by a steady increase of its entropy
Summary
The second law of thermodynamics states that a macroscopic system out of thermal equilibrium will irreversibly move toward equilibrium driven by a steady increase of its entropy. We present a low-temperature experimental test of the fluctuation theorem for electron transport through a double quantum dot.
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