Irreversibility of Al2O3-Ag hybrid nanoparticles in mixture base fluid on microchannel with variable viscosity, buoyancy forces, and suction/injection effects: An analytical study

Abstract

The development of inherent irreversibility in the system is caused by single phase Poiseuille flow considering hybrid nanoparticles (Al2O3-Ag) and mixture fluid (water and ethylene glycol H2O50%-C2H6O250%) in the upright microchannel with unequal viscosity. Taking into account the buoyancy force, suction/injection at the walls, and the form factor and geometry of the nanoparticles. The modeling is based on nonlinear PDEs such as continuity, momentum, and heat equations, which are then transformed to a system of nonlinear ODEs using similarity transformations and solved numerically and analytically. The analytical solution was built using the Differential Transform Method (DTM), and the current results in specific cases are compared to results obtained by the HAM-based Mathematica package, the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 4th-5th order (RKF45), and those available in literature. The effects of active parameters are investigated on the velocity and temperature, entropy generation and Bejan number. The outcomes of the present analysis reveal that the nanoparticles volume fraction, thermal radiation and Biot number acts to enhance the cooling of the system through the release of thermal energy. in addition, the enhancement in variable viscosity parameter, causes a rise in the irreversibility rate, which in turn boosts the rates of entropy generation and Bejan number. On the other hand, Irreversibility due to heat transfer is dominant in the centerline of the microchannel, while fluid friction irreversibility dominates its walls.