Irreversibility and nanomaterials shape consequences on peristalsis of magneto hybrid nanofluid via curved configuration with homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions

Abstract

Over the last decade, research on nanofluids has grown at a breakneck pace. As part of their nanofluid research, researchers have recently attempted to use hybrid nanofluids, made by combining different nanomaterials. The novelty of this analysis is to inspect the consequences of entropy generation on the peristalsis of a hybrid nano-liquid via a curved conduit with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. Hybrid nanofluid is formed of copper and iron oxide nanomaterials added to water. Furthermore, the simplified model also considered the Hall current, viscous dissipation, and electrical resistance heating effects. The Hamilton–Crosser thermal conductivity model is used to study the nanomaterials shape effects (i.e. sphere, platelet, and blade) on the thermal features of hybrid nano-liquids. Mathematical expressions for the flow problem are simplified by employing the small wave and Reynolds numbers assumptions, which are then resolved analytically and numerically. Analytical results are used to scrutinize the impacts of several included quantities on the flow and thermal characteristics, chemically reactive concentration, and entropy creation. It is found that with a rise in Hartmann number, the velocity reduces, whereas an improvement is noted in temperature and entropy production for large values of Hartmann number. The noteworthy discoveries indicate that hybrid nano-liquids exhibit enhanced thermal efficiency when compared to conventional nanofluids. Specifically, the introduction of a small quantity of ferrous oxide nanoparticles into the copper–water nanofluid led to less than 2% increase in the thermal transport rate. Additionally, it was observed that spherical-shaped nanoparticles generate more heat in comparison to platelets and blade-shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, the homogenous reaction parameter and Schmidt number lead to a drop in the concentration profile.