Irreversibility analysis of time-dependent magnetically driven flow of Sutterby hybrid nanofluid: a thermal mathematical model

Abstract

As hybrid nanofluids have dispersion and diffusion abilities along with greater stability on the surface compared with the conventional fluids, they are introduced as heat transfer fluids. In the present analysis, investigations are made on flow, volumetric entropy formation and convection heat transmission in Sutterby hybrid nanofluid (SBHNF). Keeping slip velocity on the interface of horizontal uniform permeable stretching surface, hybrid nanofluid takes the space on it. Viscous dissipation along with the impact of linearized thermal radiation is employed in a disentangle model. Assumptions about boundary layer SBHNF flow are interpreted for simplification of governing equations regarding conservation of momentum, mass, entropy, and energy. Similarity variables are employed for the similarity solutions for the change of governing partial differential equations to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Suitable solutions for the reduced ODEs are found with the implementation of the Keller-box method. Ordinary copper–sodium alginate (Cu–SA) nanofluid and Zirconium dioxide–copper/sodium alginate (ZrO2–Cu/SA) hybrid nanofluid are utilized for numerical and computational results. The influence of governing factors is studied with the help of plots about temperature, velocity, and entropy. The parameter of skin friction along with the local Nusselt number is examined at the boundary.