Irreversibility analysis in the ternary nanofluid flow through an inclined artery via Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives

Abstract

The current study deals with the fractional order flow of the Casson tri-nanofluid through an inclined artery in the existence of stenosis. Gold (Au), copper (Cu), and alumina (Al2O3) nanomaterials are added to the base fluid (blood) to form the tri-nanofluid. The flow is taken to be highly pulsatile. The mathematical formulation has been carried out by using differential forms of laws of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. The dimensionless form of governing equations is simplified by applying the mild stenosis assumption. By using the Caputo-Fabriziotime-fractional derivative, the classical modeled problem is converted into its fractional equivalents. Utilizing both the Laplace and the Hankeltransforms, solutions to the velocity and temperature equations are found. The results of governing parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, and entropy generation are deliberated graphically. The numerical outcomes for the velocity and temperature profiles and entropy generation are explored in graphical forms. The importance of considering the tri-nanofluid in the study is to enhance the heat transfer features by improving the thermal conductance of the fluid. The velocity profile increases with enhancing values of the Casson fluid parameter β. The temperature profile decreases with rising values of the fractional parameter α. The Entropy generation increases with growing values Ha while the reverse behavior is observed for the Bejan Be number. The Bejan profile declines with increasing values of Ha.