Abstract
BackgroundAedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses and one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species. Due to the lack of efficient specific drugs or vaccination strategies, vector population control methods, such as the sterile insect technique, are receiving renewed interest. However, availability of a reliable genetic sexing strategy is crucial, since there is almost zero tolerance for accidentally released females. Development of genetic sexing strains through classical genetics is hindered by genetic recombination that is not suppressed in males as is the case in many Diptera. Isolation of naturally-occurring or irradiation-induced inversions can enhance the genetic stability of genetic sexing strains developed through genetically linking desirable phenotypes with the male determining region.ResultsFor the induction and isolation of inversions through irradiation, 200 male pupae of the ‘BRA’ wild type strain were irradiated at 30 Gy and 100 isomale lines were set up by crossing with homozygous ‘red-eye’ (re) mutant females. Recombination between re and the M locus and the white (w) gene (causing a recessive white eye phenotype when mutated) and the M locus was tested in 45 and 32 lines, respectively. One inversion (Inv35) reduced recombination between both re and the M locus, and wand the M locus, consistent with the presence of a rather extended inversion between the two morphological mutations, that includes the M locus. Another inversion (Inv5) reduced recombination only between w and the M locus. In search of naturally-occurring, recombination-suppressing inversions, homozygous females from the red eye and the white eye strains were crossed with seventeen and fourteen wild type strains collected worldwide, representing either recently colonized or long-established laboratory populations. Despite evidence of varying frequencies of recombination, no combination led to the elimination or substantial reduction of recombination.ConclusionInducing inversions through irradiation is a feasible strategy to isolate recombination suppressors either on the M or the m chromosome for Aedes aegypti. Such inversions can be incorporated in genetic sexing strains developed through classical genetics to enhance their genetic stability and support SIT or other approaches that aim to population suppression through male-delivered sterility.
Highlights
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses and one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species
Following the crossing scheme described in Methods section, one hundred iso-male lines were set up (Fig. 1b)
Through classical genetics, since the desirable mutations must be very closely linked to the M locus
Summary
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses and one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species. Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as dengue [1, 2], chikugunya [3], Zika [4, 5], and the yellow fever [6, 7] It is one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species globally, originated from Western Africa and spread worldwide in the past 70 years through human trading and travelling activities [8, 9]. Main strategies so far mostly rely on the extensive use of insecticides and the community engagement for habitat management Both tools have been proven inefficient due to emerging insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti populations, negative environmental and ecological impact of pesticide use, and difficulty in identifying and destroying mosquito breeding sites, the cryptic ones [12,13,14,15,16,17]. More effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly control approaches are needed, including genetically based population suppression methods, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT) and other related methods, all of which rely mainly on the induction of sterility in natural populations
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