Abstract
Deliberately introducing defects by particle irradiation is an effective way to increase the flux pinning in high-critical-temperature superconductors, which is a requirement for technological applications of these materials. Proton irradiation generates a random distribution of point defects, which largely enhances the critical current in YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals; but it is not effective in shifting the irreversibility line to higher magnetic fields. The aligned columnar defects created by high-energy heavy-ion irradiation generate even stronger vortex pinning, resulting in higher critical currents at high temperatures and fields and a large displacement of the irreversibility line to higher fields.
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