Abstract
The optimization of cyanobacterium microalgae cultivation technology to provide the need for food or feedstocks has recently attracted many investigators. An optimum operation on microalgae cultivation is important to reduce the excessive workload on the aquatic environment. Therefore, this study describes how the varied irradiance (2000 lux, 4000 lux, 6000 lux, 8000 lux, and 10,000 lux) treatments on a bubble column photobioreactor system affected biomass production, phycocyanin, and protein from cyanobacterium Spirulina fusiformis. The objective of this study was to obtain the optimum irradiance for producing maximum biomass, phycocyanin, and protein simultaneously. The results demonstrated some findings those were: 1) irradiance 10,000 lux made doubling time of growth earliest (only 24 hours) while 2,000 lux doubled within five days later; 2) light response curve showed that the increase of biomass concentration was linear with the increasing of irradiance; 3) a predictive model (Response Surface Method) proof that the most optimum quantity of the biomass (0.58 ±0.035 gL-1 dry weight), chlorophyll-a (0.090 ±0.023 % dry weight), and phycocyanin (2.44 ±0.00 gL-1 dry weight) were obtained on 10,000 lux, while protein contents of 79.18±5.47 % dry weight attained on the irradiance of 6000 lux. The maximum productivity of the biomass, chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein was ~Pbiomass of 24.95 mgL-1day-1; Pchl-a of 2.25E-02 mgL-1day-1; Pphycocyanin of 1.88E-02 mgL-1day-1; and Pprotein of 17.56 mgL-1day-1. Enhancement of irradiance up to 5 folds lead to the increasing of biomass chlorophyll-a, phycocyanin, and protein productivity, attained to 1.7, 5.01, 4.13, and 2.81 folds, respectively. The irradiance had a significant influence on the production of the metabolites; therefore, the irradiance must be optimized.
Highlights
Cyanobacterium microalgae are widely distributed both in freshwater and marine environments
The optimum use of photobioreactor system can reduce the excessive workload of the aquatic environment (Craggs et al, 2014; Johnson et al, 2018; Whitton et al, 2015)
This study aimed to obtain the optimum irradiance applied in a photobioreactor system to enhance the maximum Spirulina fusiformis biomass production and the chlorophyll phycocyanin and protein contents
Summary
Cyanobacterium microalgae are widely distributed both in freshwater and marine environments These microorganisms are ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes and play a role as primary biomass producers at the base of the aquatic food chain. Some cyanobacteria are capable of fixing the atmospheric nitrogen, favored being a symbiont with other microorganism which advantageous for preserving the fertile environment These microalgae excellently produce various secondary metabolites which contain biologically active ingredients. Numerous drawbacks are adhered, such as the low biomass productivity (less than 15 gm2.day-1), the difficulty to maintain the optimum cultivation parameters, high rate of evaporation, and susceptibility towards contamination. This study aimed to obtain the optimum irradiance applied in a photobioreactor system to enhance the maximum Spirulina fusiformis biomass production and the chlorophyll phycocyanin and protein contents
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