Abstract
Since the discovery of superconductivity in \(\mathrm{LaFeAsO }_{1-x}\mathrm{F }_x\), which generated a new route to solve the problem of high-\(T_c\) superconductivity, tremendous efforts have been devoted for identifying the pairing mechanism of this new class of superconductors. So far, various theories have been proposed for the pairing symmetry in this system, ranging from an \(s_{\pm }\)-wave state with opposite signs between hole and electron pockets or \(s_{++}\)-wave state without sign change, to nodal \(s_{\pm }\)-wave or \(d\)-wave state, and more exotic order parameter such as \(p\)-wave state, but a consensus for the pairing symmetry in this system is still lacking. Therefore, the first experimental task is to clarify the superconducting pairing symmetry in the iron-based superconductors. In this chapter, we will briefly review the experimental and theoretical studies of iron-based superconductors.
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