Abstract
The unique micro/mesoporous spherical nanostructure composed of non-noble metal nanoparticles encapsulated within a heteroatom-doped carbon matrix provides great advantages for constructing advanced non-precious oxygen reduction (ORR) electrocatalysts. Herein, a promising oxygen electrocatalyst comprising iron sulfide (Fe1−xS) nanoparticles embedded into a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon sphere (Fe1−xS/NS-CS) is successfully explored through a simple and fast polymerization between methylolmelamines (MMA) and ammonium ferric citrate (AFC) as well as a high-temperature vulcanization process. Moreover, the proposed polymerization reaction can be finished completely within a very short time, which is useful for large-scale manufacturing. Impressively, the developed Fe1−xS/NS-MCS catalyst demonstrates outstanding ORR catalytic activity in terms of a more positive onset and half-wave potential as well, as much a better methanol tolerance and stability, in comparison with that of Pt/C benchmarked catalyst. The remarkable ORR electrocatalytic properties are strongly associated with the favorable characteristic spherical N, the S co-doped porous graphitic carbon nanoskeleton incorporated with the Fe1−xS nanoparticle-encapsulation structure.
Highlights
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance to cathode reactions in a class of various renewable electricity techniques, including metal-air batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (Liu et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019)
Being mindful of the above ideas, this paper proposes a facile and fast strategy to fabricate iron sulfide (Fe1−xS) nanoparticles embedded into a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon sphere (Fe1−xS/NS-CS) through a simple and quick polymerization between methylolmelamines (MMA) and ammonium ferric citrate (AFC), as well as the subsequently high-temperature vulcanization process
Together with the advantages of the characteristically spherical N, S codoped a porous graphitic carbon nanoskeleton incorporated with the Fe1−xS nanoparticle-encapsulation structure; the resulting Fe1−xS/NS-CS demonstrated an outstanding ORR catalytic activity in terms of a more positive onset and half-wave potential, as well as much better methanol tolerance and stability, in comparison with that of the Pt/C benchmarked catalyst
Summary
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance to cathode reactions in a class of various renewable electricity techniques, including metal-air batteries and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (Liu et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019). Being mindful of the above ideas, this paper proposes a facile and fast strategy to fabricate iron sulfide (Fe1−xS) nanoparticles embedded into a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon sphere (Fe1−xS/NS-CS) through a simple and quick polymerization between methylolmelamines (MMA) and ammonium ferric citrate (AFC), as well as the subsequently high-temperature vulcanization process.
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