Abstract
Iron overload is increasingly being connected to insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Free iron causes the assembly of reactive oxygen species that invariably steer the body’s homeostasis towards oxidative stress-mediated diabetic complications. This study aims to assess the serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and percentage transferrin saturation (Tsat) of 150 subjects divided into three groups (I,II,III) of 50. Healthy individuals (controls) constituted Group I. Group II consisted of T2DM patients with optimal glycaemic control. T2DM patients with suboptimal glycaemic control formed group III. Mean serum free iron concentration was 105.34 ± 3.5, 107.33 ± 3.45, and 125.58 ± 3.45 μg/dL in Group I, Group II, and Group III, respectively. Mean serum TIBC concentration in Group I, Group II, and Group III was 311.39 ± 5.47, 309.63 ± 6.1, and 284.2 ± 3.18μg/dL, respectively. Mean serum transferrin saturation (%) in Group I, Group II, and Group III was 34.17 ± 1.21, 35.02 ± 1.2, and 44.39 ± 1.07, respectively. The difference between TIBC, mean serum free iron concentration, and transferrin saturation between Group I and Group III (for all, p values <0.001), as well as between Group II and Group III (p values 0.0012, 0.0015, and <0.0001, respectively) was statistically significant. The fasting plasma glucose values of Groups II and III were significantly higher than those of Group I, (p < 0.0001). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) values were also shown to increase from Group I to II and then III, and the increase was highly significant (all p values <0.0001). Thus, decreased glycaemic control and an increase in the glycation of haemoglobin was the key to elevation in serum iron values and alterations in other parameters. However, a significant correlation was absent between serum iron and HbA1c (r = 0.05) and transferrin saturation (r = 0.0496) in Group III.
Highlights
The gigantic leap in the diabetic population is a serious health concern worldwide
A total of 150 subjects were selected in the study, and based on their glycaemic control, they were sub-classified into three groups (I,II,III) of 50 each
Group III—Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients with suboptimal glycaemic control (n = 50), disease duration more than 7 years and HbA1C level more than 8%
Summary
The gigantic leap in the diabetic population is a serious health concern worldwide. By 2030, it is estimated that 79.4 million people will be in the grip of diabetes [1,2]. Middle and low income countries see more than 80% of the deaths owing to diabetes. It is further projected by the World. Health Organization (WHO) that by 2030 the seventh leading cause of mortality in the world will be diabetes [3]. In developing countries, people in the age group of 40–60 are more prone to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), compared to older age groups in developed countries [4].
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