Abstract
BackgroundPrevalence of osteoporosis is rapidly growing and so searching for novel therapeutics. Yet, there is no drug on the market available to modulate osteoclasts and osteoblasts activity simultaneously. Thus in presented research we decided to fabricate nanocomposite able to: (i) enhance osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast, (i) reduce osteoclasts activity and (iii) reduce pro-inflammatory microenvironment. As a consequence we expect that fabricated material will be able to inhibit bone loss during osteoporosis.ResultsThe α-Fe2O3/γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite (IOs) was prepared using the modified sol–gel method. The structural properties, size, morphology and Zeta-potential of the particles were studied by means of XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), PALS and DLS techniques. The identification of both phases was checked by the use of Raman spectroscopy and Mössbauer measurement. Moreover, the magnetic properties of the obtained IOs nanoparticles were determined. Then biological properties of material were investigated with osteoblast (MC3T3), osteoclasts (4B12) and macrophages (RAW 264.7) in the presence or absence of magnetic field, using confocal microscope, RT-qPCR, western blot and cell analyser. Here we have found that fabricated IOs: (i) do not elicit immune response; (ii) reduce inflammation; (iii) enhance osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts; (iv) modulates integrin expression and (v) triggers apoptosis of osteoclasts.ConclusionFabricated by our group α-Fe2O3/γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposite may become an justified and effective therapeutic intervention during osteoporosis treatment.
Highlights
Prevalence of osteoporosis is rapidly growing and so searching for novel therapeutics
According to the definition of osteoporosis introduced by World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporotic patient exhibits reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 standard deviations or more, below that of the mean peak BMD of young adults when measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) [2]
Observed effect might be explained by the action of magnetic field (MF) and iron oxide nanoparticles (IOs), since it we showed in our previous research that MF promotes osteogenic differentiation potential in stem progenitor cells through shedding of extracellular macrovesicle re (EXMV’s) rich in growth factors involved in osteogenesis regulation [42, 43]
Summary
Prevalence of osteoporosis is rapidly growing and so searching for novel therapeutics. In presented research we decided to fabricate nanocomposite able to: (i) enhance osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast, (i) reduce osteoclasts activity and (iii) reduce pro-inflammatory microenvironment. As a consequence we expect that fabricated material will be able to inhibit bone loss during osteoporosis. Regenerative medicine as well as theranostics are rapidly developing fields of medicine. This new branch of medical sciences targets regeneration of damage tissues, and attempts to visualize. According to the definition of osteoporosis introduced by World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporotic patient exhibits reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 standard deviations or more, below that of the mean peak BMD of young adults when measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) [2]. That enormous numbers highlight the need to develop a novel, effective therapeutic intervention and fully unravel the molecular mechanisms leading to disease development
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