Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field that has elicited much concern due to a variety of applications in different fields such as industry, medicine, and cosmetics. These developments increase the concern among the general population. Hence, there is an urgent need to explore the possible human health effects of these nanomaterials. The present study is aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in-vivo. In order to study the toxic effects, Wistar rats were administered intravenously with various doses of IONPs (Fe2O3) through caudal vein once in a week for 28 days, and various biochemical assays such as antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, CAT, and GSH), lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and hematological parameters were evaluated. Genotoxicity was evaluated by comet assay and oxidative stress was measured by anti-oxidant enzymes. The results reveal that IONPs alter hematological factor such as RBC counts, WBC counts, neutrophils, monocytes and hemoglobin. A dose-dependent inhibition (p < 0.05) of antioxidant enzymes was found, and meanwhile the level of MDA elevated significantly (p < 0.05) in IONPs treated groups in dose-dependent manner; however comet assay results indicate that IONPs did not induce any significant DNA damage. The present study concluded that IONP affects inflammatory response, which induces the oxidative stress and may adversely affect the cellular function.
Highlights
In the last few decades, scientific research has been mainly focused on nanotechnology and nanoscience
Many studies have revealed that iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) induce dose-dependent oxidative stress and reduce cell viability [7]-[10]
Iron oxide nanoparticles are being used widely in different biomedical applications, as a result these nanoparticles may enter into the blood stream and may interact with blood cells and induce oxidative stress
Summary
In the last few decades, scientific research has been mainly focused on nanotechnology and nanoscience. Iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have attracted much consideration because of their magnetic properties, and due to their abundant potential in several biomedical and in-vivo clinical applications, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast enhancement, tissue repair, as drug delivery, and magnetic hyperthermia cancer treatment [3]. Many studies have revealed that IONPs induce dose-dependent oxidative stress and reduce cell viability [7]-[10]. The intravenous exposure of IONPs is rare in human, but increasing application of these NPs in biomedical field, intravenous injection has become a choice for administration of the IONPs. Since, iron oxide nanoparticles are being used widely in different biomedical applications (drug delivery, hyperthermia, MRI), as a result these nanoparticles may enter into the blood stream and may interact with blood cells and induce oxidative stress. Present investigation is aimed to evaluate the time- and dose-dependent effects of IONPs (Fe2O3) on immune system and oxidative stress in response to genotoxicity
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