Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for Bacterial Inactivation and Biomedical Applications

Abstract

AbstractIn recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the development of various synthesis methods for magnetic nanoparticles and the study of their biomedical properties. The use of magnetic nanomaterials in medicine and pharmacology is a priority area of research, which allows to solve current problems related to the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. The use of magnetic nanoparticles simplifies the detection of affected areas of tissue at an early stage, targeted drug delivery, as well as therapy of pathological areas with the latest promising techniques. To date, oxide magnetic nanoparticles are of particular interest to medicine. They exhibit stable magnetic properties, are more resistant to oxidation than metal nanoparticles, and have low toxicity. Magnetic oxide nanoparticles, modified by different functional groups, are used in medicine as carriers of biologically active substances, as contrast materials for magnetic resonance imaging, as biosensors, as media for targeted delivery. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles have been used in thermal therapy (magnetic hyperthermia), which involves heating with ultrahigh-frequency radiation of cancer-affected tissue in combination with a magnetic field, which provides targeted delivery of nanoparticles to the cancer cells. The review summarizes the use of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical applications. It describes the synthesis methods that will produce the nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, high magnetic characteristics, stable composition and physical parameters. Due to low toxicity, iron oxides have recently been actively studied, especially their antibacterial properties. Various synthesis methods of oxide nanoparticles and their effect on biocidal properties have been presented. The main probable mechanisms of bacterial inactivation, particularly ROS generation, as well as membrane, DNA, protein and lipid damaging were considered. Fe oxides are potential nanomaterials for biomedical and industrial applications.KeywordsIron oxideAntibacterial propertiesBacterial inactivationDrug delivery