Abstract
Abstract The present work discloses the development of a sustainable cement tile (SCT) produced with Iron Ore Tailings from tailings dams (IOT). Initially, technical evaluation and environmental analysis of IOT were performed through physical, chemical and morphological characterisation, leaching and dissolution tests. Its feasibility as a pigment was also investigated. Subsequently, the value analysis was performed, starting from an empathy map to a study on environmental, social and emotional values in the relationship between people and product. As result, the IOT presented fine, crystalline particles, no toxicity, and is technically feasible to be employed as filler, aggregate and pigment in the production of SCT. The colour layer of the SCT presented more homogeneous colour and less pores than conventional ones. Therefore, the design of the SCT was developed, incorporating intangible values such as: environmental ideology, local identity and social expression. In this sense, the present work seeks to assist in the decision-making process involving IOT as construction material.
Highlights
Brazil is currently one of the world leaders in exploitation of mineral resources
As a result of the high volumes of production and poor management of residues, a dam recently collapsed in Minas Gerais, leading to the release of 62 million cubic meters of iron ore tailings (IOT), several casualties, and an expressive impact on the ecosystems over a 100km radius (G1, 2015)
The characteristic dimensions, D10, D50 e D90 can be seen in Table 3
Summary
Billions of tons of metal ores are mined in the country every year, and millions of tons of tailings and wastes are disposed of, mainly in tailing dams (FIGUEIRÔA, 2014; INSTITUTO..., 2015). Since the beginning of the 18th century, the mining industry has been concentrated in the state of Minas Gerais, responsible for the largest production of iron ore, gold, zinc and niobium of the country (IBRAM, 2014). In Minas Gerais are accounted 445 of the 663 tailings dams in Brazil (FUNDAÇÃO..., 2014). As a result of the high volumes of production and poor management of residues, a dam recently collapsed in Minas Gerais, leading to the release of 62 million cubic meters of iron ore tailings (IOT), several casualties, and an expressive impact on the ecosystems over a 100km radius (G1, 2015). Waste management technologies that offer improved environmental and social performance should be preferentially adopted; including opportunities for the reuse of tailings (EDRAKI et al, 2014)
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