Abstract
In this work, we investigated the use of cotton scraps in natura and modified with iron nitrate,in the adsorption of one of the main water contaminants of the textile industries, the reactive black dye. Special attention was paid to the appropriate destination of the spent adsorbent, in compliance with the precepts of the circular economy. Cotton and polyester are excellent candidates for adsorbents and are produced on a large scale worldwide, but fabric wastes do not yet have a wellestablished method of application. We found that fabrics containing different types of fibers or colors maintain the ability to remove dye. The retention promoted by the cotton fabric in natura reached 18.8 mg g-1. After treatment with iron ions, there was an increase in the dye adsorption capacity to 31.0 mg g-1. In addition, the spent iron-containing adsorbent was pyrolyzed at 973 K, resulting in an activated magnetic carbon with a specific surface area ranging from 300 to 565 m2 g-1. Thus, it was possible to convert the used adsorbent into a new material with wide application possibilities.
Highlights
Many investigations have sought the use of low-cost by-products as adsorbents, focused on agro-industrial waste as feedstock for fuel and chemical transformations, neglecting the potential of municipal solid wastes
While the Fe solution resulted in instant removal of 92% at 600 nm, remaining a low blue color adsorption at 484 nm
The UV-Vis spectrum of the dye solution in contact with the iron nitrate solution is very close to those obtained after treatment with Fe7 and Fe14, indicating that a similar color removal mechanism may be involved
Summary
Many investigations have sought the use of low-cost by-products as adsorbents, focused on agro-industrial waste as feedstock for fuel and chemical transformations, neglecting the potential of municipal solid wastes. Textile fabric waste is increasing worldwide, driven by the growth of the middle-class population, and the “Fast Fashion” phenomena, with more than 38 million ton being sent to landfill or incinerated in a year.[1] Brazil is the fifth largest textile producer and fourth in clothing production in the world. Synthetic fiber consumption has grown very fast in the last decade, an increase in market share from 59 to 65%, headed by polyester which has very low degradability in landfill.[2] In 2018, 111 million tons
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