Iron-Loss and Magnetization Dynamics in Non-Oriented Electrical Steel: 1-D Excitations Up to High Frequencies

Martin Petrun,Simon Steentjes

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963482

Martin Petrun, Simon Steentjes

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963482

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Abstract

This paper presents a thorough introduction to and application of the Parametric Magneto-Dynamic (PMD) model of soft magnetic steel sheets. The theoretical background is reviewed, and two different ways are discussed to account for the viscosity-like effects originating from microscopic eddy currents. This is followed by the theoretical calculation of magnetization dynamics and dynamic hysteresis loops in Non-Oriented (NO) electrical steel. Both classical and viscosity-extended approaches are discussed, with respect to the ability of replicating the dynamic hysteresis loop shape and iron-loss under sinusoidal excitation waveforms up to high excitation frequencies. Comparisons against measurements are analyzed for M400-50A and M235-35A NO electrical steel over a wide range of magnetic flux density and excitation frequencies. The proven accuracy and efficiency of the PMD model make it a valuable tool for the calculation of iron losses in electrical machines and transformers, as well as for an in-depth study of magnetization dynamics in individual laminations.

Highlights

Accurate determination of the iron-loss in the magnetic cores of electrical machines and transformers is of great importance, to allow one to reduce the iron-loss by appropriate design measures in the magnetic circuit, and by the choice of suitable materials [1]–[8]
The aim of this work is to present a thorough introduction to the physical background, adequate modeling approaches and their application when analyzing power-loss and magnetization dynamics in NO electrical steels that are subjected to one-dimensional (1-D), i.e., pulsating magnetization
The first grade is on the thicker side of the production range and has lower silicon content, which resulted in higher classical eddy current losses

Summary

Introduction

Accurate determination of the iron-loss in the magnetic cores of electrical machines and transformers is of great importance, to allow one to reduce the iron-loss by appropriate design measures in the magnetic circuit, and by the choice of suitable materials [1]–[8]. The multifarious and intricate physical mechanisms in different magnetic materials, combined with complex flux waveforms in electrical machines, hamper the development of appropriate methods for predicting the iron-loss and the magnetic field distribution [6], [9]–[12]. This is exacerbated by the fact that material data, i.e., iron-loss and magnetization curves, supplied by the data sheet or acquired through standardized measurements under sinusoidal magnetic flux density waveform, do not apply for the magnetic components of inverter-driven electrical energy converters and rotating electrical machines. A large quantity of different models and methods, combined with poor knowledge of their limitations, often lead to misuse of these models and inadequate results

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