Abstract
Efficient catalysis of the oxygen-evolution half-reaction (OER) is a pivotal requirement for the development of practical solar-driven water splitting devices. Heterogeneous OER electrocatalysts containing first-row transition metal oxides and hydroxides have attracted considerable recent interest, owing in part to the high abundance and low cost of starting materials. Among the best performing OER electrocatalysts are mixed Fe/Ni layered double hydroxides (LDH). A review of the available experimental data leads to the conclusion that iron is the active site for [NiFe]-LDH-catalyzed alkaline water oxidation.
Highlights
The urgency to develop new technologies that harness energy and natural feedstocks in a sustainable fashion has never been more apparent
Considerable progress has been made in the development of scalable devices, there is a clear need for robust earth-abundant materials that can catalyze the oxygen evolution half-reaction (OER) in both acidic and alkaline media (Scheme 1) [5,7]
The intentional incorporation of iron into Ni-layered double hydroxides (LDH) structures dramatically enhances OER activity. This behavior has been attributed to enhanced Ni catalysis due to the Lewis acidity of Fe(III) [23]
Summary
The urgency to develop new technologies that harness energy and natural feedstocks in a sustainable fashion has never been more apparent. Considerable progress has been made in the development of scalable devices, there is a clear need for robust earth-abundant materials that can catalyze the oxygen evolution half-reaction (OER) in both acidic and alkaline media (Scheme 1) [5,7]. Heterogeneous water oxidation electrocatalysts containing first-row transition metal oxides and hydroxides have been extensively explored, owing in part to the high abundance and low cost of starting materials [7]. FeOOH is the most active single first-row transition metal water oxidation catalyst [8], and iron impurities on gold have shown excellent performance [9]. Among the best OER catalysts, are mixed Fe/Ni layered double hydroxides (LDH). C is about 4.5 Å; the layers expand when H2 O intercalates leading to c ~7–8 Å. Before examining the role of Fe in these materials, it is helpful first to review the electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of the parent LDH: Ni(OH)
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