Abstract
Ex vivo tissue imaging was performed by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Fe content TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The comparative effects of TiO2 and Fe content TiO2 NPs in terms of contrast enhancement, penetration, scattering, and accumulation in the chicken breast tissue have been monitored at different exposure times. Powder NP samples were synthesized using the sol–gel method, and characterization was carried out via transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. Fe incorporation in the TiO2 matrix reduces its toxic effect on tissue skin and produces a safe exogenous contrast agent, which is analyzed by SS-OCT. The scattering coefficients and contrast to noise ratio of the tissues with and without NPs were determined to study the imaging efficacy. The improvement in the coefficient was observed with an increase in the exposure time of NPs. Nano-TiO2 has shown the ability to penetrate within the tissue layer up to 780 µm while Fe content TiO2 NPs samples showed the lowest rate of penetration up to 210 µm after a 30 min time interval.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is enormously popular with both industrial and consumer sectors, appearing in dozens of products that people use and see daily.1–3 TiO2 is extensively used in paint, catalytic coatings, plastic, paper, pharmaceuticals, and sunscreens, and it is used in packaging, cosmetics, toothpaste, and food.4–6 In skincare and makeup products, titanium dioxide is used both as a pigment and as a thickener for creams
There are only few studies that investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs penetrating and accumulating in the human normal lung (NL), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue, and chicken breast tissue on tissue optical properties, and these reports suggested that TiO2 can be used as a contrast agent
We have investigated the ex vivo imaging of chicken breast tissue with application of TiO2 and Fe content TiO2 nanoparticles as an exogenous contrast agent with non-specific binding
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is enormously popular with both industrial and consumer sectors, appearing in dozens of products that people use and see daily. TiO2 is extensively used in paint, catalytic coatings, plastic, paper, pharmaceuticals, and sunscreens, and it is used in packaging, cosmetics, toothpaste, and food. In skincare and makeup products, titanium dioxide is used both as a pigment and as a thickener for creams. Scitation.org/journal/adv ex vivo study between TiO2 and Fe content TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as exogenous contrast agents using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) has not been reported yet. There are only few studies that investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs penetrating and accumulating in the human normal lung (NL), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissue, and chicken breast tissue on tissue optical properties, and these reports suggested that TiO2 can be used as a contrast agent.. TiO2 NPs exhibit low absorption in the near-infrared range and strong backscattering properties in the UV-visible spectral range.20 This property makes them suitable for use as an exogenous contrast agent for optical imaging methods. The paper reports on ex vivo tissue imaging efficiency of engineered Fe incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles as an exogenous contrast agent using the SS-OCT technique. Enhancement of the tissue contrast was quantitatively analyzed in terms of the contrast to noise ratio (CNR)
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