Abstract
Flavonoids are common plant natural products able to suppress ROS-related damage and alleviate oxidative stress. One of key mechanisms, involved in this phenomenon is chelation of transition metal ions. From a physiological perspective, iron is the most significant transition metal, because of its abundance in living organisms and ubiquitous involvement in redox processes. The chemical, pharmaceutical, and biological properties of flavonoids can be significantly affected by their interaction with transition metal ions, mainly iron. In this review, we explain the interaction of various flavonoid structures with Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions and critically discuss the influence of chelated ions on the flavonoid biochemical properties. In addition, specific biological effects of their iron metallocomplexes, such as the inhibition of iron-containing enzymes, have been included in this review.
Highlights
Flavonoids represent a group of secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom
A number of recent works showed that flavonoids can form high-affinity complexes with transition metal ions, such as iron and copper [37,38,39,40]
Using molecular models or experimental studies, we suggested that the flavonoids lipophilicity may considerably increase after iron chelation
Summary
Flavonoids represent a group of secondary (specialized) metabolites (approx. up to. 10,000) that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. 10,000) that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom They are a subclass of phenolics and remain the most intensively studied group of polyphenols, responsible for many health benefits attributable to high vegetable consumption and using polyphenolrich herbs. Due to strong antioxidant properties, they are involved in UV protection They are intensively discussed and studied thank their positive influence on human health. Specific flavonoids form can be represent by anthocyanidins and anthocyanins (their skeleton which can be derivates subdivided into different subgroups depending theflavodegree of unsatglycosylated form), of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium cation [4] These subgroups are: flavones, flavonols, noids, are intensive pigments, and are responsible for the red, blue and purple color flavanones, of many flavanols plant parts.or.
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