Abstract
Iron deficiency and anemia are associated with impaired neurocognitive development and immune function in young children. Total body iron, calculated from serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor concentrations, and hemoglobin allow for monitoring of the iron and anemia status of children in the United States. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID), anemia, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among children 1–5 years using data from the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Prevalence of ID, anemia, and IDA among children 1–5 years was 7.1% (5.5, 8.7), 3.2% (2.0, 4.3), and 1.1% (0.6, 1.7), respectively. The prevalence of both ID and anemia were higher among children 1–2 years (p < 0.05). In addition, 50% of anemic children 1–2 years were iron deficient. This analysis provides an update on the prevalence of ID, anemia, and IDA for a representative sample of US children. Our results suggest little change in these indicators over the past decade. Monitoring of ID and anemia is critical and prevention of ID in early childhood should remain a public health priority.
Highlights
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world and infants and young children are at the highest risk [1]
Approximately 50% of children 1–2 years who were anemic were iron deficient. This analysis provides an update on the iron and anemia status of children 1–5 years in the United
Previous analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 data showed that 14.4% of children 1–2 years and
Summary
Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world and infants and young children are at the highest risk [1]. Iron deficiency in young children significantly increases the risk of developmental delays and behavioral disturbances. It is known to cause iron deficiency anemia (IDA) [2]. The objective for this analysis is to provide an update on the prevalence of ID, anemia, and IDA among children 1–5 years in the United States
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